| 55-54 BC |
Julius Caesar invades Britain |
| AD 80 |
Agricola invades Lowlands of Scotland |
| 140-80 |
Antoine Wall in Scotland |
| 214 |
The Romans abandon Scotland |
| 297 |
First reference to “Picti” |
| 410 |
The Romans abandon Britain |
| 500 |
“Scoti” colonise Dalriada (Argyll) |
| 563 |
St. Columba comes to Scotland and the island of Iona |
| 795 |
First Viking raid on the island of Iona |
| 1005-34 |
Reign of Malcolm II |
| 1034 |
Death of Malcolm II; accession of Duncan |
| 1040 |
Macbeth defeats and kills Duncan I |
| 1050 |
Macbeth goes on pilgrimage to Rome |
| c.1070 |
Malcolm III marries Margaret of England |
| 1072 |
William I invades Scotland; Malcolm III submits |
| 1296 |
Edward I invades Scotland, deposes Balliol |
| 1297 |
William Wallace rebels against the English occupation ; Battle of Stirling Bridge: Wallace defeats an English army |
|
| 1298 |
Wallace defeated at Battle of Falkirk; John Comyn and Robert Bruce appointed guardians |
| 1302 |
Robert Bruce defects to Edward I |
| 1304 |
Scotland submits to Edward I |
| 1305 |
Wallace captured, and executed in London |
| 1306 |
Robert Bruce murders John Comyn; Bruce crowned King of Scots: Bruce defeated at Battle of Methven |
| 1307 |
Bruce emerges from hiding, starts a comeback; death of Edward |
| 1314 |
Bruce defeats Edward II at Bannockburn |
| 1328 |
Edward III recognizes Scotland’s independence |
| 1329 |
Death of Robert Bruce |
| 1331 |
David II crowned King of Scots |
| 1333 |
Edward III defeats the Scots at Halidon Hill |
| 1517 |
Martin Luther launches the Reformation |
| 1542 |
Birth of Mary Queen of Scots; Scots defeated at ‘Battle of Solway Moss; death of James V; Mary succeeds at the age of one week |
| 1543 |
Mary crowned Queen of Scots; betrothal of Mary to Prince Edward of England fails |
| 1547 |
John Knox captured and sentenced to the galleys; defeat of the Scots at Battle of Pinkie |
| 1558 |
Elizabeth becomes Queen of England |
| 1570-73 |
Civil war in Scotland |
| 1572 |
Death of John Knox |
| 1587 |
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots |
| 1604 |
James VI & I proposes a full union of the United Kingdom |
| 1611 |
The “King James Bible” |
| 1625 |
Death of James VI &I; Charles I succeeds |
| 1633 |
Charles I crowned in Edinburgh |
| 1638 |
The National Covenant launched and signed |
| 1642 |
Charles I declares war on Parliament |
| 1646 |
Charles I surrenders to the Scots at Newark |
| 1648 |
“The Engagement” forces defeated by Cromwell; the “Whiggamores Raid” |
| 1649 |
Execution of Charles I |
| 1650 |
Montrose invades the north of Scotland, is captured and executed; Charles II lands in Scotland; Cromwell defeats the Scots at Battle of Dunbar |
| 1651 |
Charles II crowned by the Scots at Scone; Charles II defeated at Worcester |
| 1652 |
Cromwell “incorporates” Scotland |
| 1658 |
Death of Cromwell |
| 1660 |
Restoration of Charles II |
| 1682-85 |
“The Killing Time” |
| 1685 |
Death of Charles II; James VII & II succeeds |
| 1688 |
Birth of James Stuart, the “Old Pretender”; William of Orange lands in England: the “Glorious Revolution”; James VII & II flees to France |
| 1689 |
William and Mary crowned in England; William and Mary accept the crown of Scotland |
| 1701 |
Death of James VII & II in exile |
| 1702 |
Death of King William; accession of Queen Anne |
| 1707 |
Act of Union passed |
| 1708 |
First Jacobite Rising fails |
| 1714 |
Death of Queen Anne; George I succeeds |
| 1720 |
Birth of Charles Edward Stuart, “Bonnie Prince Charlie” |
| 1745 |
Prince Charles lands in Scotland; the ’45 Rising; Battle of Prestonpans; the march to Derby, and the retreat |
| 1746 |
Battle of Falkirk Muir; Battle of Culloden; Prince Charles escapes to France |
| 1746-82 |
Act of Prescription bans Highland dress and language |
| 1771 |
Birth of Walter Scott |
| 1832 |
Death of Walter Scott |
| 1846 |
Scott Monument in Edinburgh completed |
| 1853 |
National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights |
| 1919 |
“Red Clydeside” riot in Glasgow |
| 1928 |
National Party of Scotland founded |
| 1934 |
Scottish National Party (SNP) founded |
| 1949 |
National Covenant launched |
| 1950 |
Young nationalists abduct the Stone of Destiny from Westminister Abbey |
| 1974 |
SNP wins eleven parliamentary seats |
| 1978 |
Scotland Act 1978 passed |
| 1989 |
Scottish Constitutional Convention begins |
| 1996 |
Stone of Destiny returns to Scotland |
| 1997 |
Referendum on a parliament for Scotland |
| 1998 |
Scotland Act 1998 passed |
| 1999 |
(May) Elections for Scotland’s parliament; (1 July) Royal opening of Scotland’s new parliament |
