Cultural Heritage II

Fourth Exam (Essay Portion)

 

Answer all of the following questions according to the instructions for each section.  The typed exam is due in class at the time of the final in-class exam. (Late submissions are penalized one letter grade for not submitting in class and an additional letter grade for each day beyond that.)

 

The overall exam should include at least 1,000 words (four double-spaced pages) but no more than 1,200 words in fulfillment of part of the requirements for writing-intensive General Education courses.  (There is a one letter grade minimum deduction for falling short of 1,000 words.) 

 

Print the exam and staple the pages together (unstapled papers will be penalized 1%). Make sure your name is on the first page of the exam.  Choose your topics to avoid covering the same material twice (duplicate coverage will result in partial credit for the essay).   Please note the honor code regarding plagiarism and using the work of others.

 

Part I. Big Events from an Interdisciplinary Perspective, 500-600 words.

 

Describe the important causes of one of the following major events from an interdisciplinary perspective (i.e., economics, politics, technology, religion).  Which cause(s) do you think was most important or essential (without which, the event could not have happened)? 

 

1. The Origins and Development of the Cold War

2. Decolonization

3. World War One

4. Collapse of the Soviet Union  

 

Part II.  Major Ideas in Dialogue, 300-350 words. 

 

Select one of the following clusters of famous individuals.  Giving roughly equal treatment to each of them (a paragraph each), describe their views on the topic with which they are listed.  Be sure to indicate how they are similar as well as how they are different (possibly in a third paragraph, but approaches will vary).   Be sure not to duplicate topics covered elsewhere in the exam.  You may need to do a little extra reading and research for some of these figures.

 

  1. Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, Salvador Dali, Dorothea Lange, Otto Dix, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman on the Purpose of Art (select only two or three of these artists).
  2. Osama bin Laden and George Bush on the Reasons for the Iraq War.
  3. Sigmund Freud and Allen Ginsberg on the Meaning of Sanity.
  4. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X on Achieving Racial Equality in the United States.

 

 

Part III. Visual/Textual Analysis, 200-250 words.

 

Explain how one of the following works or texts relates to the time (historical context) in which it was created or written.  Give attention to other artists and writers as appropriate, but be sure to keep your focus on the work or text you have selected.  Do not repeat themes covered elsewhere in this exam. 

 

  1.  

 

I say to you, Allah knows that it had never occurred to us to strike the towers. But after it became unbearable and we witnessed the oppression and tyranny of the American/Israeli coalition against our people in Palestine and Lebanon, it came to my mind.

The events that affected my soul in a direct way started in 1982 when America permitted the Israelis to invade Lebanon and the American Sixth Fleet helped them in that. This bombardment began and many were killed and injured and others were terrorised and displaced.

I couldn't forget those moving scenes, blood and severed limbs, women and children sprawled everywhere. Houses destroyed along with their occupants and high rises demolished over their residents, rockets raining down on our home without mercy.

The situation was like a crocodile meeting a helpless child, powerless except for his screams. Does the crocodile understand a conversation that doesn't include a weapon? And the whole world saw and heard but it didn't respond.

In those difficult moments many hard-to-describe ideas bubbled in my soul, but in the end they produced an intense feeling of rejection of tyranny, and gave birth to a strong resolve to punish the oppressors.

 

  1.  

 

What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open

              their skulls and ate up their brains and imagi- 
              nation? 
       Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unob 
              tainable dollars! Children screaming under the 
              stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men 
              weeping in the parks! 
       Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the 
              loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy 
              judger of men! 
       Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the 
              crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of 
              sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! 
              Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stun- 
              ned governments! 
       Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose 
              blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers 
              are ten armies! Moloch whose breast is a canni- 
              bal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking 
              tomb! 
 
3. 
 
If in some smothering dreams you too could pace  
Behind the wagon that we flung him in, 
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, 
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin; 
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood 
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, 
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, 
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory, 
The old Lie; Dulce et Decorum est 
Pro patria mori.

 

4.

 

But a person who has not violated any taboo may yet be permanently or temporarily taboo because he is in a state which arouses the quality of arousing forbidden desires in others and of awakening a conflict of amibivalence in them... The king or chief arouses envy on account of his priveleges: everyone, perhaps, would like to be a king. Dead men, new-born babies and women menstruating or in labour stimulate desires by their special helplessness; a man who has just reached maturity stimulates tham by the promise of new enjoyments. For that reason all of these persons and all of these states are taboo, since temptation must be resisted.

 

5.

 

Pablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907); available in Presentation #15.