[Consequences and Crises]
  
Before class 
  
      * Read Palmer, 118-141, review 84-96
  
      * Key terms 

	Escorial
	William the Silent
	Union of Utrecht
	Philip II
	Armada catolica
	Wars of Religion
	Huguenot
	Guise
	Bourbon
	Henry of Navarre
	Edict of Nantes
	Cardinal Richelieu
	Thirty Years' War
	Albert of Wallenstein
	Gustavus Adolphus
	Peace of Westphalia
	St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

      * Key questions


1. Describe and characterize the general state of political and religious affairs in Europe in the 
first years of the reign of Philip II of Spain. What conflict existed between religious and national loyalties?

2. Explain the political, economic, and religious factors that entered into the revolt of the 
Netherlands.  How did the revolt merge with the international, political and religious 
struggles in Europe?

3. Analyze the reasons for Spain's decline.

4. Describe the background, nature, and outcome of the civil and religious wars in France in the 
sixteenth century. 

5. Of what significance was Henry IV’s reign for the development of the French monarchy? 

6. Analyze the issues of the Thirty Years' War.  How did European rivalries and ambitions 
become linked to the conflict within Germany?  Of what significance was the Peace of 
Westphalia for modern international relations? 

[Consequences and Crisis]
In class 
  
      * Outline 
  
	1. spread of Reformation 
	2. Catholic responses to Reformation
	3. intellectual crisis 
	4. "religious" wars
        5. conclusion
  
      * Key terms 
  
	Anglican/Church of England
	Inquisition
	Council of Trent
	Jesuits
	Ignatius Loyola
	Copernicus
	Michael de Montaigne 
	Huguenots
	St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
	Henry IV
	Edict of Nantes
	Philip II
	Thirty Years' War
	divine right

      * Key concepts: content of Catholic Reformation;	rising skepticism 

      * Key question:
 
	In terms of causes, course and consequences, how "religious" 
	were the Wars of Religion?
 
      * Key quotation
  
			And new Philosphy calls all in doubt, 
			The Element of fire is quite put out; 
			The Sun is lost, and Th'earth, and no mans wit 
			Can well direct him where to looke for it. 
			And freely men confesse that this world's spent, 
			When in the Planets, and the Firmament 
			They seek so many new; they see that this 
			Is crumbled out againe to his Atomies. 
			Tis all in pecces, all cohaerence gone.
								John Donne