[Inventing Industrial Society, II: Intellectual and Social Responses]

Before class

      * Read Palmer, 439-443, 495-503; review 436-438, 445-451

      * Key terms

	classical liberalism	
	Jeremy Bentham			
	Robert Owen				
	Count de Saint-Simon	
	Louis Blanc				
	August Comte
	Realpolitik
	Karl Marx
	Frederick Engels
	Communist Manifesto
	Capital
	dictatorship of the proletariat

      * Key questions


1. How may an "ism" be defined?  Which "isms" still important today made their 
appearance in the years immediately after 1815?  Why did they first emerge in those 
years?

2. What beliefs in political and economic matters did nineteenth-century liberals generally 
share?

3. How would you analyze the principal sources of Marxism? 

4. Explain the nature and the significance for Marxism of dialectical materialism.  How did 
Marx's views differ from those of Hegel?

5. Summarize the pictures of past, present and future offered by Marxism. 

[Inventing II]

In class

      * Outline

	1. Liberalism
				
		a. politics
		b. economics
		c. nationalism

	2. Socialism

		a. romantic
		b. revolutionary

      * Key terms

	Claude Henri, Count de Saint-Simon
	Robert Owen
	Karl Marx
	G. W. F. Hegel
	dialectic
	Frederick Engels, Condition of the Working Classes in England
	Communist Manifesto
	economic determinism

      * Key quotations

Those whom poverty keeps in eternal dependence are no more enlightened on public affairs than 
children. . . . Property alone, by giving sufficient leisure, renders a man capable of exercising his 
political rights.

			Benjamin Constant (1814)

The Golden Age of mankind does not lie behind us, but before; it lies in the perfection of the 
social order.  Our fore-fathers did not see it; one day our children will reach it.  It is for us to 
clear the way.

			Saint-Simon, "On the Reorganization of European Society" (1814)

The theory of the Communists may be summed up in a single sentence: Abolition of private 
property.

			Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto (1848)