[Masses and Classes]
Before class
* Read Palmer, 590-612
* Key terms
Taff Vale decision Friedrich Neitzsche
anarchist fundamentalists
revisionism Syllabus of Errors
syndicalism Vatican Council
Bolsheviks Rerum Novarum
Charles Darwin, Origin of Species Zionism
Sigmund Freud economic nationalism
e=mc˛ irrationalism
agnosticism
* Key questions
1. How did trade unionism in Britain differ from trade unionism on the Continent? How did
the British Labour party differ from other European socialist parties?
2. What reasons might be suggested for the decline of a revolutionary mood in the working
class by 1914?
3. "There never was a time when faith in the powers of natural science was so widespread
as in the half-century preceding the First World War." Comment in light of Darwin's
conclusions, the work of Pavlov and Freud, and Einstein's contributions.
4. "Paradoxically, this great age of science found that man was not a rational animal."
Comment.
5. In what sense do the paintings by Monet (p.554), Seurat (p.582), and Renoir, Gaugin, Cassatt, Cezanne, Kandinsky, and
Braque (p.2-1 to 2-6) represent the artistic revolution associated with modern art? What
problems of communication between artist and public did these innovations raise?
6. How was the conflict between modernists and fundamentalists resolved in (a)
Protestantism, (b) Catholicism, and (c) Judaism? What other trends and developments
were observable in European religion in the generation before 1914?
7. Explain the meaning of classical liberalism in political and economic matters. What was
the "new liberalism"? How did it differ from or resemble classical liberalism?
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