[Age of Nationalism]
Before class * Read Palmer, 503-507, 509-535, 574-580, 584-590 * Key terms Risorgimento limited liability Camillo di Cavour Paris Commune Piedmont Third Republic Otto von Bismarck Dreyfus Affair Austro-Prussian War Francis Joseph Franco-Prussian War Ausgleich German Empire Compromise of 1867 Kulturkampf intelligentsia Social Democratic Party Westernizers William II Slavophils Second French Empire Act of Emancipation Credit Mobilier People’s Will * Key questions
    1. "The idea of the nation-state has served both to bring people together into larger units and to break them apart into smaller ones." Comment on the validity of this statement in light of the experience of nineteenth-century Europe. 2. Explain the background and nature of the movement for national unification in Italy by comparing and contrasting the views of and roles played by Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi. 3. Describe Bismarck's political outlook. Explain the nature and outcome of his dispute with the liberals in the Prussian parliament. What was the meaning of his "blood and iron" statement? 4. What provisions of the new German Empire's constitution were democratic? Which provisions were neither liberal nor democratic? 5. Describe French political life and economic growth under Napoleon III. 6. With what major problems was the Third Republic occupied in the years 1871 to 1914? How successfully did it cope with them? 7. What were the chief problems confronting the Hapsburg empire in the nineteenth century? What did the wars it had recently fought demonstrate about the empire? 8. Evaluate the Compromise of 1867 as a solution to the nationalities problem in the Hapsburg empire. Which groups were the chief beneficiaries? 9. How did autocracy in Russia differ from absolutism in the West? 10. Explain the role of the "intelligentsia" in Russian life.
* Key concepts: nation-state, democratization



[Age of Nationalism]
In class * Outline 1. Defining nationalism 2. Case studies a. "unification" of Germany b. "unification" of Italy c. France d. Russian empire e. Austria * Key terms Otto von Bismarck Second Reich Guiseppi Mazzini Young Italy Camillo di Cavour Guiseppi Garibaldi Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) Second Empire Third Republic Paris Commune westernization slavophilism Magyars Dual Monarchy (Austria-Hungary) * Key questions
      1. To what degree did unification solve German and Italian domestic and international problems? 2. If democracy succeeded in western Europe, why didn't it in eastern Europe? 3. How, or why, did the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires survive as long as they did?
* Key concepts: nationalism, authoritarianism, militarism, dictatorship * Key quotations I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor provisions; I offer hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death. Let him who loves his country in his heart, and not with his life only, follow me. Guiseppe Garibaldi We have made Italy, now we have to make Italians. Massimo d'Azeglio on the Risorgimento For many in the nineteenth century, nationalism, the winning of national unity and independence and the creation of the nation-state, became a kind of secular faith.