[Rebuilding Europe, I: The West since 1945]

Before class
  
      * Read Palmer, 843-844, 849-869, 966-977, 1017-1022
 
      * Key terms
  
	Common Market					Francois Mitterand
	North Atlantic Treaty Organization		Federal Republic of Germany
	Council for Mutual Economic Aid			German Democratic Republic
	Warsaw Pact					Nuremberg Trials
	Margaret Thatcher				Konrad Adenauer
	Fifth Republic					Helmut Kohl
	Charled DeGaulle

      * Key questions


1. What was the nature and significance of the Marshall Plan? 

2. Explain the steps taken toward economic and political integration in Western Europe.  
What obstacles to unity appeared? 

3. What general observations may be made about democratic advances since 1945?

4. Summarize the major changes introduced in Britain under the Labour government from 
1945 to 1951.

5. Evaluate the achievements and explain the collapse of the Fourth French Republic.  What 
was de Gaulle's role in shaping the Fifth Republic?  How did de Gaulle and his 
successors deal with continuing political and economic problems? 

6. Describe political and economic developments in West Germany since 1945.  What 
accounted for the remarkable recovery and expansion of the economy? 		

7. Of what significance has Christian Democratic leadership been for Italy in the years since 
World War II?  What accounted for the continuing strength of Italian communism until 
the early 1990s?

8. Discuss the economic, social, and political challenge confronting western Europe at the end of the twentieth century? 

  

[Rebuilding Europe, I]
In class

      * Outline
  
	1. Politics: toward social democracy 

  		a. Britain 
		b. West Germany 
		c. France 
		d. Italy 
  
	2. Unification: a United States of Europe 

		a. political possibilities 
		b. military possibilities 
		c. economic realities 
  
      * Key terms
  
	nationalization 		Council of Europe
	Christian Democrats 		NATO
	Nuremberg Trials 		European Defense Community
	Marshall Plan 			European Coal and Steel Community
	Konrad Adenauer 		Treaty of Rome
	Charles de Gaulle 		European Economic Community/EU
	Fifth Republic 			Single European Act

      * Key concept
  
	different patterns in eastern and western Europe since 1945

      * Key quotations

A welfare state is a state in which organised power is deliberately used (through politics and 
administration) in an effort to modify the play of market forces in at least three directions--first, 
by guaranteeing individuals and families a minimum income irrespective of the market value of 
their work or their property; second, by narrowing the extent of insecurity by enabling 
individuals and families to meet certain social contingencies (for example, sickness, old age and 
unemployment) which lead otherwise to individual and family crises; and third, by ensuring that 
all citizens without distinction of status or class are offered the best standards available in 
relation to a certain agreed range of social services.

				Asa Briggs, "The Welfare State in Historical Perspective"

France cannot be France without grandeur.

				Charles de Gaulle