[1848: The Revolution that Wasn't]

Before class

      * Read Palmer, 475-495

      * Key terms

	February Revolution
	Louis Blanc
	National Workshops
	Constituent Assembly
	June Days
	Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
	Louis Kossuth
	Frankfurt Assembly
	Magyar
	Francis Joseph
	Pius IX
	Frederick William IV
	Zollverein
	Prussian constitution

      * Key questions


1. Why did revolutions break out in so many different places at once in Europe in 1848?

2. What forces of discontent in the July Monarchy led to the abdication of Louis Philippe? 
How would you explain the election of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as president in 1848?

3. What revolutionary developments took place in March 1848 in the Austrian Empire?  in 
Prussia and the other German states?  in Italy?

4. What factors account for the ebbing of the revolutionary tide after June 1848?

5. Which aspects of Prussian development seemed illiberal?  Which seemed forward-
looking?

6. What general observations can be made about the failure of the German unification 
movement of 1848?  About the revolutions of 1848?

[1848: Revolution that Wasn’t]

In class

      * Outline

	1. Introduction: the myth

	2. Causes

		a. material
		b. intellectual
		c. nationalism
		d. social

	3. Events

		a. France
		b. Hapsburg Empire
		c. Italy
		d. Germany

	4. Significance

      * Key terms

	Alphonse de Lamartine
	Louis Blanc
	national Workshops
	Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III)
	Louis Kossuth
	Piedmont
	Frankfurt Assembly

      * Key quotation


The great questions of the time are not decided by speeches and majority decisions--that was the 
error of 1848 and 1849--but by iron and blood.

						Otto von Bismarck (1862)