[Traditional Europe]
  
Before class 
  
      * Read Palmer, 18-46
  
      * Key terms

	Byzantine Empire 
	Charlemagne 
	vassal 
	manor 
	serf 
	three-field system 
	imperial free cities 
	guild
	parliaments
	Holy Roman Empire
	Innocent III
	transubstantiation
	Anselm
	Abelard
	scholastics
	Thomas Aquinas


      * Key concepts
  
	three successors to Roman Empire 
	feudalism and manorialism 
  			
      * Key questions


1. It is generally agreed that by 1300 the rise of a distinctively European civilization was an 
accomplished fact.  What were the most important contributions made to that civilization by 
(a) Greece, (b) Rome, (c) the early Middle Ages, (d) the High Middle Ages?

2. How did Christianity affect the spiritual, intellectual, and institutional development of 
Europe (a) in the ancient world, (b) from the fifth to the tenth century, (c) from the eleventh 
to the end of the thirteenth century? 

[Traditional Europe]

In class 
 
      * Outline
  
		1. European society circa 1000 A.D. 
  
			a. internal view 
			b. external view 
  
		2. changes through end of Middle Ages 
  
			a. expansion 
			b. monarchies 
  
      * Key terms
 
	Byzantine Empire 
	investiture 
	feudalism (homage, fief, vassal) 
	manorialism (serfs) 
	Ottoman Turks 
	Exchequer 
	Parlement 
	Estates General 
	Parliament 
 
      * Key question 

 
Why by the end of the Middle Ages (circa 1450) were England and France--and not Germany 
and Italy--the rising powers in Europe?