ToC | Reading the Old Testament . . . Chapter 3. Exodus | ToC

3.K Combined Exodus Account

Yahwist Elohist Priestly
13:17 When Pharaoh sent the people away, Elohim did not lead them by way of the Philistine's land, though that was near. For Elohim said, "The people might change their mind when they meet opposition, and return to Egypt." 18 So Elohim brought the people around via the wilderness Red Sea route. The sons of Israel went up from the land of Egypt in battle formation. 19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him. He had made the Israelites swear, "When Elohim visits you, take my bones with you from there." 20 They traveled from Sukkoth and encamped in Etam, on the edge of the desert. 21 And YHWH was going ahead of them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them in the right direction, and at night by a pillar of fire to illumine them, so they could travel day and night. 22 The pillar of cloud did not disappear during the day, nor the pillar of fire at night. 14:1 And YHWH spoke to Moses, 2 "Tell the sons of Israel to return and encamp in front of Pi-hahirot, between Migdal and the sea, in front of Baal-zephon; you shall camp facing it, by the sea.3 And Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, 'They are wandering aimlessly in the area. The wilderness has shut them in.' 4. I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will chase them. In that way I will get glory for myself over Pharaoh and his entire army. The Egyptians will know that I am YHWH." They did so. 5 When the king of Egypt was told that the people had escaped, Pharaoh and his officials changed their minds concerning the people. They said, "What have we done, letting Israel abandon our work?" 6 So he got his chariot ready and took his army with him. 7 six hundred elite chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers commanding all of them. 8 YHWH hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt and he chased the Israelites, who boldly had just left. 9 The Egyptians pursued them, all Pharaoh's horses and chariots, his charioteers and his army. They overtook them where they were encamped by the sea, by Pi-hahirot, in front of Baal-zephon. 10 As Pharaoh drew near, the Israelites looked back. The Egyptians were catching up to them. Being terribly afraid they cried out to YHWH. 11 They said to Moses, "Was it because there weren't enough graves in Egypt that you took us out to die in the wilderness? What are you trying to do to us by bringing us out of Egypt? 12 Didn't we tell you this back in Egypt, 'Leave us alone and let us serve the Egyptians'? It would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness." 13 Moses said to the people, "Don't be afraid. Have faith. Witness the deliverance that YHWH will accomplish for you today. The Egyptians you see today you will never see again. 14 YHWH will fight for you. You don't have to do anything." 15 YHWH said to Moses, "Why are you crying out to me? Tell the Israelites to go forward. 16 Lift up your staff and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it so that the Israelites can go into the sea on dry ground. 17 I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them. In that way I will get glory for myself over Pharaoh and his entire army, his chariots and his charioteers. 18 Then the Egyptians will know that I am YHWH, after I have gotten glory for myself over Pharaoh, his chariots and his charioteers. 19 The angel of Elohim who was going ahead of the Israelite army moved and went behind them. The pillar of cloud moved from in front of them and stood behind them. 20 It came between the Egyptian army and the Israelite army. The cloud and the darkness were there. It lit up the night. Neither came near the other all night. 21 Moses stretched out his hand over the sea. YHWH drove back the sea with a strong east wind all night and turned the sea into dry land. And the waters were divided. 22 The Israelites went into the sea on dry ground. The waters formed a wall on their right and on their left. 23 The Egyptians pursued them, going into the sea right after them, all of Pharaoh's horses, chariots and charioteers. 24 At the morning watch YHWH looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud upon the Egyptian army. He threw the Egyptian army into a panic. 25 He clogged their chariot wheels so that they manuevered clumsily. The Egyptians said, "Let's get away from the Israelites, for YHWH is fighting for them against Egypt." 26 YHWH said to Moses, "Stretch your hand out over the sea so that the water will come back upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots and charioteers." 27 So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea. The sea returned to its normal depth by dawn.The Egyptians fled from it, but YHWH tossed the Egyptians into the sea. 28 The waters returned and covered the chariots and the charioteers, the entire army of Pharaoh that had followed them into the sea. Not one of them survived. 29 But the Israelites had walked through the sea on dry ground. The waters had formed a wall on their right and on their left. 30 Thus YHWH saved Israel from the Egyptians that day. Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31 Israel saw the marvelous work that YHWH did against the Egyptians. The people feared YHWH, and put their faith in YHWH and in his servant Moses.

ToC | Reading the Old Testament . . . Chapter 3. Exodus | ToC